Writing Capitalism into Iranian History

Capitalism used to be a singular term, but, like many keywords in English, now is often presented and discussed as plural: capitalisms. Whereas capitalism formerly stood for what today called industrial capitalism, scholars currently talk about varieties of capitalism: commercial financial neoliberal name but the most prominent historical variants. Given this proliferation, inherent difficulty defining singular, it important clear meaning function our object inquiry. After all, “different definitions lead different conclusions may make very histories.”